Respiratory Therapists Play a Vital Role in Patient Care
Respiratory Therapists work with doctors and nurses to treat patients of all ages, ranging from premature infants, whose lungs have not fully developed, to adults with lung disease. Typically, they assist medical teams with the following:
Diagnosing lung or breathing disorders
Evaluating patients, performing tests and conducting studies
Determining appropriate therapy and treatment options
Managing equipment and devices needed for treatment such as ventilators and oxygen machines
Educating patients and families about lung disease and breathing disorders
Throughout the pandemic, the role of all healthcare professionals, especially respiratory therapists, became critical in the care and treatment of patients with COVID-19. As the country and the world continue to evaluate ongoing conditions caused by the virus, we continue to see our lung simulators used for developing and testing new equipment and respiratory treatments.
The emerging trend in healthcare toward a multidisciplinary team to deliver primary healthcare services has made the role of Respiratory Therapists integral in the care of patients. Now, working collaboratively with other medical teams, Respiratory Therapists are helping the healthcare industry move toward a patient-centered approach that can help to improve the management of diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), while also helping to focus on disease prevention and health promotion for patients.
Michigan Instruments, a Pioneer in Respiratory Care
Michigan Instruments’ test lung simulators have been used by thousands of Respiratory Therapists worldwide and are considered the gold standard of respiratory simulation. From hands-on training to testing new respiratory care products and techniques, our test lung simulators for adults and infants offer the most realistic and accurate simulation of the human pulmonary system available today. They help Respiratory Therapists provide the highest quality of care and life-saving therapy to patients.
Want to learn more why Michigan Instruments has been called a pioneer in respiratory care? Contact us to learn more about our lung simulators and how they can be used by your Respiratory Therapy team.
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At Michigan Instruments, our Lung Simulators and Automated CPR devices have been used by thousands of health care professionals worldwide and are considered some of the top respiratory care and automated CPR devices on the market. However, what truly sets Michigan Instruments apart from others in the industry is our dedication to our customer’s satisfaction. Whether you need tech support, calibration assistance or need to replace a part, our staff is always happy and available to address your needs.
Over the past year we have produced and delivered countless lung simulator devices to those developing ventilators and other respiratory equipment to support medical professionals treating those battling the Coronavirus. We’ve ramped up production, added staff, and worked with organizations including NASA, Ford Motor Company, and Cornell University, (just to name a few), to support their ventilator production and research and development.
As the world continues to fight the ongoing Pandemic, we’re committed to supporting those on the front lines and behind the scenes in R&D. Here are just a few ways Michigan Instruments supports you (our customers) so that you can support your patients.
Tech Support
If you run into a problem or have a question about how to operate one of our devices, we offer technical support whenever you need it. You can reach out to us through this form on our website and one of our staff members will quickly and personally respond to your inquiry.
Service and Calibration
To ensure high-quality performance and accurate data, it is important to make sure your device is calibrated correctly. That is why we offer a calibration service for our devices to our customers. Fill out this form on our website to request a calibration of your test lung simulator and you will receive detailed instructions on the process and shipment.
Replacement Parts & Accessories
While Michigan Instrument’s devices are inspected, reviewed, and serviced by the same workforce that initially assembled them, we understand that sometimes parts need to be replaced. Because of this, we offer a variety of lung simulators replacement parts, and CPR device parts. Contact us with your information, the products that you are interested in, quantity, and other important details and we will respond quickly with an estimated quote for you.
Product Development
Feedback and product improvements are top of mind. We listen to those who use our devices about suggestions and recommendations for ongoing product development and improvements. If you have a product improvement suggestion, let us know.
Want to learn more about our customer service or are you interested in receiving more information for our Lung Simulator or CPR devices? Contact us today!
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When treating a cardiac arrest, it’s important to secure high-quality chest compressions throughout the entire event—no matter when or where. For years, the use of automated CPR devices has given medical professionals a way to provide high quality, continuous care to patients in a variety of settings. While they are most often thought of in pre-hospital care, their usefulness has been established in a wide variety of settings.
What are Automated CPR Devices?
Automated CPR devices perform effective, customized, and hands-free CPR to a patient so that healthcare providers can concentrate on identifying the cause of the arrest and focus on other life-saving procedures. The use of these devices come with several benefits to providers including:
Offering better access to the patient
No need to work around someone performing manual CPR
Reducing risk to the patient and preventing injury or fatigue of the caregiver.
Hospital Application of Hands Free CPR
While many hospitals consider automated CPR devices to belong only in the emergency department, these devices have a variety of applications that can be useful throughout the entire hospital. These devices should be available to any healthcare provider who may respond to any code involving cardiac arrest.
In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Emergency Departments
Coronary & Intensive Care Units
Organ Transplant Facilities
Pre-Hospital Applications for Automated CPR Devices
Manual CPR is a challenge when trying to maintain consistent, high-quality compressions. This challenge only increases when working on a patient that is being moved or transported. Automated CPR devices can be securely applied to a patient throughout an entire transport, which avoids any interruptions during the event and gives access to caregivers to assess the patient and deliver life-saving therapy. There are a variety of pre-hospital applications for automatic CPR devices:
EMT/Paramedic Units
First Responders
Ambulance Transport
Air Medevac Units
Michigan Instruments Life Stat & Thumper Automated CPR Devices
Set-up quickly and allow for the transition from manual to automatic CPR with minimal interruption to compressions
Accommodate larger patients than other devices
Provide greater access to the patient
Have minimal consumable costs
Our Life-Stat CPR Device is the only device with a ventilator built into the unit, providing your medical team with a totally hands-free solution.
Learn why thousands of medical professionals worldwide have chosen to partner with Michigan Instruments as their trusted source for automatic CPR machines. Request a quote today!
Mechanical Ventilation is a common lifesaving and life-sustaining intervention in the emergency, surgery, and critical care environments. However, changes in ventilator technology, professional standards of care, and the appearance of new disease processes can make it challenging to keep up, even for those respiratory care professionals tasked with staying on top of ventilator management. This is an area where lung and breathing simulation can truly optimize the performance of new (and old) technologies while minimizing potential mistakes and complications for the patient.
Of course, the Covid-19 pandemic meant not only an increase in the number of patients requiring mechanical ventilation, but also a plethora of new devices, sometimes manufactured by companies and organizations that have not previously specialized in this area. Yes, all manufacturers are held to a high standard for performance and quality when it comes to ventilators, but there still remains the challenge of incorporating these devices into clinical settings and practices.
Along with new technologies also comes new techniques and standards of care, depending on the disease processes and conditions being treated. This too can be a challenge. Let’s face it, none of us wants even qualified caregivers to “practice” on our loved ones.
Lung Simulation provides an answer to help medical professionals get and stay proficient with new ventilation devices and techniques by providing them with hands-on experience prior to clinical use. Simulators help clinicians gain experience in managing these technologies and learning new therapies while in a safe and controlled setting. Caregivers are able to make the connection between theory and practice, and that is extremely valuable.
At Michigan Instruments, our TTL and PneuView lung simulators have been used in training programs and simulation labs across the country. Fully adjustable, versatile, and durable, our lung simulators have the ability to replicate hundreds of healthy and diseased lung conditions while providing users with real-time feedback, effectively simulating the response to the apparatus or technique being used.
The TTL® and PneuView® systems go beyond most other available lung simulators. Simpler “test lungs” perform just a handful of simulations and are not fully to scale, which means their usefulness is limited. Our devices have the advantage of moving and “feeling” like a real lung or lungs when ventilated.
If you want to learn more about how our lung simulators can improve ventilator management, or be used in your training programs, contact us or request a quote.
While mechanical ventilation dates back to the late 18th century, it is only within the last century that it has become widely introduced into routine clinical practice. Since then, mechanical ventilation has become exponentially more sophisticated, expanding its application from the ICU to emergency medicine and even in long-term care.
This past year, wide-spread ventilator shortages and changing patient needs caused by the COVID-19 pandemic caused the mechanical ventilation industry to evolve rapidly. Established manufacturers in the field had to ramp up their production schedules putting a strain on the whole supply network. Many new players, manufacturers who had been foreign to this industry, suddenly became involved in the design and production of ventilators. The goal was to meet the existing and potential demand for devices while keeping them effective, affordable, and user-friendly.
Michigan Instruments has played a role in many of these recent development and production efforts by providing our calibrated lung simulators (TTL Training Test Lungs and PneuView Systems) to organizations like Ford Motor Company, Cornell University, OperationAir, and even NASA. The simulators play a necessary role in testing the design and performance of new devices.
Based on these recent efforts and others across the world, here are just a few of the trends we have noticed emerging, and are ready to support, in the mechanical ventilation industry:
Municipalities, states, regions, and countries have become aware of the need to increase ventilator supply and be prepared for sudden increases in demand. Producing these devices takes time, and situations can arise where time is not an available luxury.
Thought needs to be put into the kind of ventilators that will be needed. The challenge is, and will continue to be, having a supply of ventilators that will meet the respiratory needs of a variety of patient etiologies, as we don’t know what the next pandemic will look like. What have we learned? Not every ventilator is able to meet the needs of every patient.
It has become more and more important that ventilators work with the efforts of patients. Mechanical ventilators need to support and augment these spontaneous efforts in order to reduce the work of the patient and allowing healing and recovery to occur. It’s not just breathing “for the patient”. It’s breathing “with the patient”.
The ability to simulate a wide variety of lung diseases and patient types (including breathing patients) is necessary for the design and testing of mechanical ventilators. Everyone, including newcomers to this business, has seen how important simulation and testing is in this effort. Without realistic simulators and test lungs, we can’t guarantee the performance of these ventilators when they are placed in the clinical setting.
As the respiratory care industry continues to grow and develop in the next few years, Michigan Instruments stands ready to provide medical device developers and researchers versatile, easy to use lung simulators that can help to aid in the design, engineering, testing, and manufacturing of ventilation devices. Our lung simulators offer a wide range of calibrated lung compliance and airway resistance settings. They’re also able to simulate dynamic spontaneous breathing and breathing efforts. This flexibility allows our devices to replicate hundreds of healthy and diseased lung conditions, while providing accurate measurements and data. Learn more about our Lung Simulator Devices and contact us to request a quote!
In these recent months of the COVID-19 crisis, many companies and institutions have taken on ventilator design and manufacturing for the first time. With our long history of involvement with researchers and ventilator manufacturers, Michigan Instruments has played a role in many of these recent efforts, providing our calibrated lung simulators (TTL and PneuView) to auto manufacturers, electronics companies, Universities, and even NASA to support their development and manufacturing efforts. One of the things that we know at Michigan Instruments, as do most medical professionals involved in mechanical ventilation, is that not just any ventilator can be used on any patient.
Ventilators range in complexity from very simple emergency units that are meant for short-term use in the pre-hospital or field setting, to long-term care ventilators that are used in homes or institutions to support patients with chronic breathing issues, to critical care ventilators used in ICU’s to deal with acute illness, severe trauma, or post-surgical cases. These units can have very different features and capabilities. All ventilators are not created equal, and that’s intentional.
The virus that causes COVID-19 is designated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The major morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 is largely due to acute viral pneumonitis that evolves to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Patients that develop ARDS will often end up on a ventilator in the ICU. These patients can be difficult to ventilate, requiring high levels of oxygen and relatively high ventilating pressures to move adequate breath volumes in and out of the lungs. And that’s the issue. Not just any ventilator will meet the needs of these patients.
As mentioned above, Michigan Instruments has been involved in many of these recent efforts to ramp up ventilator production in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our lung simulators are being used all over the world. We wouldn’t presume to know exactly what kinds of ventilators will work best to treat these COVID-19 patients, but we believe there are some reasonable basic features and minimal capabilities that should be incorporated into the ventilators being developed and built to deal with this crisis.
Oxygen %: Adjustable from 21 to 100% (either built-in or adjustable external O2/Air blender)
Respiratory Rate: Up to 40 breaths per minute (BPM)
Tidal Volume: 100 to 1000mL
Pressure Limit: Up to 60 cmH2O
PEEP: Up to 15 cmH2O
Alarms: Low Pressure, Disconnect, High Pressure, Loss of O2 Source
Other Features: Synchronized to patient effort; high sensitivity to patient effort; sine or decelerating flow waveform; dual-limb breathing circuit with adequate filtration of inhaled and exhaled gases
Note: These features are the opinion of the technical specialists at Michigan Instruments and should not be taken as official guidelines or requirements. In an emergency situation, we believe that almost any mechanical ventilator will be superior to no support or prolonged use of a manual resuscitator.
The Michigan Instruments TTL Training Test Lungs and PneuView Systems have played an invaluable role in the effort to meet the need for reliable, tested mechanical ventilators. Our products and our expertise have been called upon by old and new partners around the world during this pandemic crisis. Whether your role is in development, design, or manufacture of ventilators, we’ve got the lung simulator products that are tried, trusted, and often specified to meet your testing needs.
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Michigan Instruments, a leading manufacturer in Lung Simulation, has delivered an unprecedented number of lung simulators to organizations around the world to help in respiratory technology research and critical ventilator development and manufacturing to combat the shortages caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Many countries, including the United States, are continuing to see a rise in COVID-19 cases, which brings to light the extreme lack of medical resources like ventilators available to hospitals and critical care facilities.
In response, the world has seen an incredible response in the development and manufacturing of ventilators as researchers attempt to create a cost-effective and efficient lifesaving solution. Michigan Instruments has been at the forefront of this response by working with organizations to deliver Lung Simulators designed for validating and testing these ventilators.
Organizations like NASA, Ford Motor Company, Cornell University, Michigan Technological University, University of California San Diego, OperationAir, and the Royal Women’s Hospital, Monash University and the Alfred Hospital in Australia have all used Michigan Instruments lung simulators to aid in the development and discovery of several potential ventilator solutions.
A group of engineers from NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory have developed a high-pressure ventilator that can mechanically breathe for patients with the most severe cases of COVID-19.
Students and faculty from Cornell University, Michigan Technological University, and the University of California San Diego have all developed versions of effective, low-cost ventilator systems created using inexpensive materials or materials readily available.
OperationAir has also developed a prototype called the AIRone, an easily producible emergency ventilator that can be used when shortages occur due to the pandemic. Production has already started on the device and its design is open source and available globally.
A team of researchers from the Royal Women’s Hospital, Monash University and Alfred Hospital have successfully tested, in a simulated environment, the potential to ventilate two lungs of different compliances from a single ventilator using only commonly available hospital equipment.
These lung simulators provide developers with cutting edge technology that can aid in the design, engineering, testing and manufacturing of devices like ventilators by replicating hundreds of healthy and diseased lung conditions to evaluate a ventilator’s performance with accurate measurement and data reporting.
Based in Grand Rapids, Michigan, Michigan Instruments continues to produce and ship Lung Simulators. The increased demand in production allowed Michigan Instruments to utilize qualified workers from other manufacturers forced to close during the Michigan shut down, as well as existing employees working extended hours.
Chris Blanker, President & Owner of Michigan Instruments shared, “In a time when many manufacturers were forced to lay off employees and slow production, we were blessed to be able to remain open, provide work for our employees and utilize very talented workers from local companies forced to close. Sadly, this is due to the Pandemic, but our team is proud to know that our devices are helping with the development and supporting the production of ventilators and other devices that help save lives.”The ventilator’s modularity, that it can function as a transport or an ICU ventilator, running with a desktop or laptop, is one of the key innovations of Ivy’s design. By running multiple instances of the clinician software, a single tablet or computer can govern multiple ventilators remotely, so nurses can monitor many patients without having to enter their rooms.
Chris Blanker shared, “We are very proud to have been able to quickly ramp up production and delivery of our lung simulators for the organizations that are developing and manufacturing critical ventilators and other devices to help save lives. The production ramp up was challenging, but our team rose to the task. We’ve worked closely with developers and manufacturers of all backgrounds and we look forward to continued partnerships like this. ”
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Landon Ivy started his Ph.D. work with Professor Amit Lal’s SonicMEMS Lab, developing new processes for micro electrostatic linear actuators which will eventually drive the locomotion of a microbot. He had cultivated an affinity for working on hardware during his undergraduate studies, and when he got to Cornell he spent as much time as he could in the Cornell NanoScale Facility (CNF).
Then the pandemic forced Ivy along with all of his SonicMEMS Lab colleagues off campus. “A few days later, Dr. Lal got the word that there would be a ventilator shortage, so he encouraged the group to brainstorm,” Ivy said. Since he wouldn’t be able to resume work in the CNF for the foreseeable future, Ivy assembled a team to work on a new project: produce a safe, simple and reliable ICU mechanical ventilator.
“I had never produced any medical equipment before,” Ivy said. “I took a bunch of clinician training classes online and read through a couple of textbooks on ventilator design.” User manuals from existing ventilators were also helpful, he said.
Typically, ventilators are made almost entirely of custom parts, some of which are sourced from various vendors around the world. That’s one reason why companies had such a hard time ramping up ventilator production as the pandemic began, and why most ventilators are quite expensive ($25 to $50 thousand for a high-end ICU ventilator).
“My goal was to make an emergency response ventilator capable of safely ventilating a COVID-19-induced ARDS patient using inexpensive and readily available components,” Ivy said. He wanted to use parts that could be quickly and easily sourced and assembled by people with limited funds. The final version cost only $2750 to make.
Ivy detailed the ventilator project and construction in a video produced in his home lab—his bedroom.
“The patient circuit is a single-limb which is optimized for cleanliness,” he said. “The inspiration line doesn’t get contaminated during expiration like in a dual-limb ventilator.”
He used a non-rebreathing valve normally used for a bag valve mask (sometimes known by the proprietary name Ambu bag, a hand-held breathing-assistance device) to further isolate the patient from contaminating the rest of the system. ”This is something I haven’t seen on any other ventilator,” Ivy said.
The ventilator’s modularity, that it can function as a transport or an ICU ventilator, running with a desktop or laptop, is one of the key innovations of Ivy’s design. By running multiple instances of the clinician software, a single tablet or computer can govern multiple ventilators remotely, so nurses can monitor many patients without having to enter their rooms.
Ivy hopes that the progress and findings he was able to demonstrate with his home build might garner the support necessary for animal testing, or at the very least lead to further innovations within the health science community.
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Our first functional prototype is a fact: the AIRone. Last week the AIRone has been a subject to various tests. Using a mechanical phantom of the lungs we were able to do the functional tests that determine if the prototype meets our requirements. The documents are submitted to the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports, as the start of the clinical tests are required to be authorized by them. Clinical approval is obliged before our ventilator can be used during the coronavirus pandemic. If clinical approval is granted, the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports can instruct production of our ventilators.
We have started a cooperation with an assembly facility in the region to be able to start the production as soon as possible when we receive clinical approval. Furthermore, we have close contact with suppliers of the different parts of the AIRone. When the Ministry of VWS instructs us to start production of our ventilators, we can start immediately with our partners. Our ambition is to be able to produce 500 ventilators in total by producing 100 ventilators a week. If the demand for ventilators increases, we could possibly decide to scale up. We have close contact with the Dutch Intensive Care Society and the Dutch National Consortium of Clinical Supplies to stay up-to-date on the demand for ventilators in the Netherlands. For now, though, our main focus is getting clinical approval.
When clinical approval is granted and the production has started, OperationAIR will continue operating. The team will focus on implementation, service and further improvement. A training plan regarding our ventilator is set up for medical professionals in the hospital. Furthermore, a team is assembled that will be ready to provide assistance when the ventilator is implemented in a hospital. The clinically approved design will be publicly available on our website, so other countries can make use of it as well.
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A team of engineers and physicians at the University of California San Diego has developed a low-cost, easy-to-use emergency ventilator for COVID-19 patients that is built around a ventilator bag usually found in ambulances.
The team built an automated system around the bag and brought down the cost of an emergency ventilator to just $500 per unit. The device’s components can be rapidly fabricated and the ventilator can be assembled in just 15 minutes. The device’s electronics and sensors rely on a robust supply chain from fields not related to healthcare that are unlikely to be affected by shortages.
The UCSD MADVent Mark V is also the only device offering pressure-controlled ventilation equipped with alarms that can be adjusted to signal that pressure is too low or too high. This is especially important because excessive pressure can cause lung injury in COVID-19 patients that often experience rapid decreases in lung capacity as the disease progresses.
Most ventilators measure the volume of air that is being pumped into the patient’s lungs, which requires expensive airflow sensors. By contrast, the UCSD MADVent Mark V measures pressure and uses that data to deduct and control the airflow to the lungs. This was key to lowering the device’s price.
The team from tUC San Diego and industry partners will be seeking approval for the device from the Food and Drug Administration. They detail their work in an upcoming issue of Medical Devices and Sensors.
“The MADVent can safely meet the diverse requirements of COVID-19 patients because it can adjust over the broad ranges of respiration parameters needed to treat acute respiratory distress syndrome,” said James Friend, a professor at the UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering and one of the paper’s two corresponding authors. “The combination of off-the-shelf components and readily machined parts with mechanically driven pressure control makes our design both low cost and rapidly manufacturable.”
Researchers also wanted to make sure that the device could be used by healthcare workers with limited experience with ventilators and no experience with this type of system, said Dr. Casper Petersen, co-author of the study and a project scientist in the Department of Anesthesiology at the UC San Diego School of Medicine. As a result, the MADVent Mark V is safe to use, easy to assemble and easy to repair.
“This device could be a great option for use in situations where materials are scarce, such as when the normal supply chain breaks down, or in developing nations and hard-to-reach rural areas,” Dr. Casper Petersen said.
The device is not meant as a substitute for the highly complex ventilators used in Intensive Care Units.
“Rather, our low-cost ventilator is meant to bridge an urgent gap in situations of a large surge in patients where we may not have enough life sustaining equipment”, said Dr. Lonnie Petersen, an assistant professor at the Jacobs School of Engineering, adjunct professor at UC San Diego Health and the paper’s other corresponding author. “Safety is our main priority; while the MADVent is a low-tech and low-cost device, it actually offers robust and patient tailored ventilationThis really increases the safety for the patients suffering from the complex pulmonary infection and respiratory distress associated with COVID-19”.
The UCSD MADVent Mark V
The UC San Diego team built their device around a ventilator bag usually found in ambulances and designed to be manually squeezed to help patients breathe. In the UCSD MADvent Mark V, a machined paddle squeezes the bag instead. The paddle is controlled by a series of pressure sensors to make sure the patients get the appropriate flow of air into their lungs. The team deliberately integrated as many standard hospital items as possible into the design because those have already undergone rigorous testing for safety, longevity and compatibility.
To measure pressure, the researchers developed an algorithm that deduces how much the bag was compressed based on how many turns the device’s motor has made and calculates the volume of air sent into the patient’s lungs as a result.
“The elasticity of the lungs changes very quickly, so it’s important to be able to sense the feedback from the patient,” said Dr. Lonnie Petersen.
Researchers tested their system more than 200 times and for days on end on a lung simulator, adhering to standards for the International Standards Organization and FDA guidelines to ensure it functioned correctly. The device was also tested on a medical mannequin simulator.
One of the keys for cost savings was developing computer models of the volume of air delivered through the ambulance bag when it is compressed. This allowed researchers to do away with expensive airflow sensors and the complex algorithms that control them.
The materials on the ventilator can be sanitized with conventional disinfectants such as 1.5% hydrogen peroxide and 70% ethanol.
“The system, in its current state of development, can easily accommodate new modules that enable more sophisticated features, such as flow monitoring, which can enable additional ventilation modes and provide healthcare operators more information regarding a patient’s breathing,” said Aditya Vasan, a Ph.D. student in Friend’s research group and the paper’s first author.
Collaboration across disciplines
A close collaboration between clinicians and engineers enabled the team to put together a crude prototype in just three days. They then spent countless hours refining and testing the ventilator. A lot of work went into making sure it was safe and could be manufactured with simple parts at a large scale.
Engineers with the UC San Diego Qualcomm Institute Prototyping Lab provided engineering design and fabrication support. Electrical engineer Mark Stambaugh stepped in to work on the microcontroller and help adjust the stroke cycle and control the speed and volume of the compressions to help patients breathe. Mechanical engineer Alex Grant provided design support and guidance.
Seed funding for the project came from several organizations: San Diego-based Kratos Defense & Security Solutions, Inc., which develops fields systems, platforms and products for national security and communications needs; the US Office of Naval Research in the Department of Defense; and the Catalyst initiative at the UC Institute for Global Conflict and Cooperation.
MADVent: A low-cost ventilator for patients with COVID-19
Corresponding authors: James Friend, Dr. Lonnie Petersen
UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering: Medically Advanced Devices Laboratory: James Friend, Aditya Vasan, Reiley Weekes, William, Connacher.
UC San Diego School of Medicine: Dr. Casper Petersen, Dr. Sidney Merritt, Dr. Preetham Suresh, Dr. Daniel E. Lee, Dr. William Mazzei, Theodore Vallejos, Jeremy Sieker.